Nerves of the Upper Limb, N467 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Nothing noteworthy here

Nerves of the Upper Limb, N467 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Radial Nerve in Arm and Nerves of Posterior Shoulder, N465 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

1. Dorsal scapular Nerve (Root C5)
1. Levator Scapulae
2. Rhomboid Minor Muscle
3. Rhomboid Major Muscle
2. Suprascapular Nerve (Root C5, C6)
1. Supraspinatus Muscle
2. Infraspinatus muscle
3. ? Articular Innervation of Glenoheumaral Joint
3. Lower Subscapular nerve
1. Subscapularis Muscle
2. Teres Major Muscle 
4. Axillary Nerve (Root C5, C6) - (middle trunk, posterior division, posterior cord)
1. Muscle
1. Deltoid Muscle
2. Teres Minor Muscle
3. Long Head of the Triceps Brachii
2. Sensory
1. Shoulder Joint
2. Superior Lateral Cutaneous Nerve
5. Radial Nerve (Roots C5,C6, C7, C8, T1) - Terminal Branch of the Posterior Cord of the Brachial Plexus
1. Course
1. Through the Triangular Space of the axilla
2. Triceps Brachii
1. After giving off branches to the long and medial heads of the triceps brachii, it enters a groove on the humerus, the radial sulcus, where it innervates the lateral head of the triceps.
3. Pierces the Lateral Intermuscular Septum and enters the anterior compartment of the arm
2. Motor
1. Muscular Branches
1. Triceps Brachii
2. Aconeous
3. Brachioradialis
4. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
2. Deep Branch of radial nerve
1. Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
2. Supinator
3. Posterior Interosseous Nerve
1. Extensor digitorum
2. Extensor digiti minimi
3. Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
4. Abductor Pollicis Longus
5. Extensor pollicis Brevis
6. Extensor Pollicis longus
7. Extensor Indicis
3. Cutaneous Nerves
1. Inferior Lateral Brachial Cutaneous Nerve
2. Posterior Brachial Cutaneous Nerve
3. Posterior Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
4. Superficial Branch Radial Nerve

Radial Nerve in Arm and Nerves of Posterior Shoulder, N465 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Ulnar Nerve, N464 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Innervates	flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundis lumbrical muscles opponens digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi interossei adductor pollicis
From	C8, T1 (branches off from Medial cord)

1. Roots of Ulnar Nerve (C8 to T1) of the Median Cord of the Brachial Plexus
2. Forearm - 
1. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris and medial half of Flexor Digitorum Profundus
2. Branches
1. Muscular branches of the Ulnar Nerve
2. Palmar Branches of the Ulnar Nerve
3. Dorsal Branch of the Ulnar Nerve
3. Hand -
1. The Ulnar Nerve and Artery pass superficial to the flexor retinaculum, via the Ulnar Canal
2. Branches of the Ulnar Nerve in the Hand
1. Superficial branch
1. Palmaris Brevis
2. Deep branch
1. Hypothenar Muscles
1. Opponens Digiti Minimi
2. Abductor Digiti Minimi
3. ?Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis of the hand
2. The 3rd and 4th Lumbrical muscles
3. Dorsal Interossei
4. Palmar Interossei

Hypothenar Muscles:

1. Palmaris Brevis
2. Abductor Digiti Minimi
3. Flexor Digiti Minimi
4. Opponens Digiti Minimi

Ulnar Nerve, N464 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Median Nerve, N463 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Branches from the medial and lateral cords: median nerve (Roots C5, C6, C7, C8, & T1)

1. Is formed by heads from both the medial and lateral cords.
2. Runs down the anteromedial aspect of the arm but does not branch in the brachium. Continues down the arm to enter the forearm with the brachial artery.
3. The median nerve is the only nerve that passes through the carpal tunnel, where it may be compressed to cause carpal tunnel syndrome. 
4. Articular branch to the Elbow
5. Two branches in the forearm:
   • anterior interosseous branch 
   • courses with the anterior interosseous artery and 
   • innervates all the muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm except the flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial (ulnar) half of flexor digitorum profundus. 
   • It ends with its innervation of pronator quadratus.
   • palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arises at the distal part of the forearm. 
   • It supplies sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the skin of the palm (but not the digits).

Arm - vascular sympathetic branches to the wall of the Brachial artery.

Forearm

• It innervates all of the flexors in the forearm except flexor carpi ulnaris and that part of flexor digitorum profundus that supplies the medial two digits. The latter two muscles are supplied by the ulnar nerve (specifically the Muscular branches of ulnar nerve).
• The main portion of the median nerve supplies the following muscles:

1. Superficial group:

1. Pronator teres
2. Flexor carpi radialis
3. Palmaris longus

1. Intermediate group:

• Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle

1. The anterior interosseus branch of the median nerve supplies the following muscles:

Deep group:

• Flexor digitorum profundus (only the lateral half)
• Flexor pollicis longus
• Pronator quadratus

[edit]Hand

1. motor innervation to the 1st and 2nd lumbrical muscles. 
2. muscles of the thenar eminence by a recurrent thenar branch. The rest of the intrinsic muscles of the hand are supplied by the ulnar nerve.

The median nerve innervates the skin of the palmar side of the thumb, the index and middle finger, half the ring finger, and the nail bed of these fingers. The lateral part of the palm is supplied by the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve, which leaves the nerve proximal to the wrist creases. This palmar cutaneous branch travels in a separate fascial groove adjacent to the flexor carpi radialis and then superficial to the flexor retinaculum. It is therefore spared in carpal tunnel syndrome.

The muscles of the hand supplied by the median nerve can be remembered using the mnemonic, "LOAF" for 

1. Lumbricals 1 & 2, 
2. Opponens pollicis, 
3. Abductor pollicis brevis and 
4. Flexor pollicis brevis. Superficial Head only - Deep Head supplied by the Ulnar Nerve

Median Nerve, N463 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Musculocutaneous Nerve, N462 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

1. Pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, descends between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, and innervates these three muscles.
2. From the Lateral Cord of the Brachial Plexus
3. Articular Branch 
4. The Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve has an Anterior and Posterior Branch

Musculocutaneous Nerve, N462 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Musculocutaneous Nerve, N462 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7)

1. Pierces the coracobrachialis muscle, descends between the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles, and innervates these three muscles.
2. From the Lateral Cord of the Brachial Plexus
3. Articular Branch 
4. The Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve has an Anterior and Posterior Branch

Musculocutaneous Nerve, N462 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Arteries and Nerves of Upper Arm, N461 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Arteries and Nerves of Upper Arm, N461 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature:

1. Arteries and anastomosis are not labeled
2. Ulnar Nerve, Medial and Radial Nerves
3. Musculocutaneous Nerve
4. Intercostobrachial Nerve
5. Muscles
1. Pronator Teres has a Ulnar Head and a Humeral Head
2. The Brachial Artery Splits into Radial and Ulnar Branch on the Tendon of Biceps Brachii
3. The Supinator Muscle separates the Radial Nerves Superficial and Deep Branches
4. Neurovascular bundle is exposed after cutting flexor digitorum superficialis muscles, and lies on the Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Nerves of the left upper extremity. (Ulnar labeled at center left.)
Latin	nervus ulnaris
Gray's	subject #210 943
Innervates	flexor carpi ulnaris flexor digitorum profundis lumbrical muscles opponens digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi abductor digiti minimi interossei adductor pollicis
From	C8, T1 (branches off from Medial cord)
MeSH	Ulnar+nerve

Cutaneous Innervation of the Wrist and Hand, N460 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature

Cutaneous Innervation of the Wrist and Hand, N460 Notes, Anatomy, Upper Limb, Neurovasculature:

1. There are 4 Nerves to the hand not 3
1. Musculocutaneous
1. Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
2. Lateral Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve
2. Ulnar Nerve
1. Palmar Branch
2. Palmar Digital Branch
3. Dorsal Branch and 
3. Median Nerve
1. Palmar Branch
2. Palmar Digital Branch
4. Radial
1. Superficial Branch
2. Dorsal Digital Branches (Prox 2/3)
3. Posterior Antebrachial Cutaneous Nerve