Rabu, 05 Januari 2011

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM, Physics, Pre-exam Course Lecture 1

ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

System of Units
  • Systeme International (SI)
  • 7 base units: kilogram, meter, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, mole
  • Derived units
  Electrical Forces and Fields
          Charge measured in Coulomb  (C)
            F = kq1q2/r2
            with q1 and q2 charges, r the distance between
            charges, and k a constant
            E = F/q
            Electrical Forces on Charge, F = Eq

Electrical Current
          SI unit   ampere
                          I = q/t


Electrical Potential Difference
          Voltage:   V = E / q  measured in volt (V)
with E the electrical potential energy in joule (J)
            1 volt  =  1 joule per coulomb
            Electron-volt (eV):  Kinetic energy obtained by an electron accelerated across potential difference of one volt
            1 eV  =  1.602 Í 10-19 J

Electrical Power
          SI unit – watt (W)
         1W  =  1 joule per second
          P = VI


Direct and Alternating Current
          Normal household use single phase 220 V AC

Conductors
             Resistance
            R = V/I or V = IR
            Ohm’s Law
            SI unit   ohm (W)

Magnetic Forces and Fields
          Magnetic fields caused by moving electrical charges
         Two poles: North and South
         Magnetic dipole

Magnetic Forces and Fields
          SI unit, magnetic field strength, tesla (T)

Electromagnetic Induction
           Michael Faraday
            Changing magnetic field induces PD
            Lenz’s Law:   magnetic field opposes the inducing field


Electromagnetic Induction
          Self Induction
          Mutual Induction

Magnetic Properties of Matter
          Diamagnetic Materials
            Individual electrons orbiting nucleus give rise to magnetic fields too small to measure
            Paramagnetic Materials
            Ferromagnetic Materials
            Iron, nickel and cobalt
            Magnetic Domains

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