Safety
CT
· Multiphase studies increase dose
· mAs should be modulated eg peads scanning
· Iodine contrast -renal failure and allergic reactions
US
· Cavitation -at high power levels -creation and collapse of micro bubbles esp harmonic imaging
· Tissue heating as result of energy absorption -spectral pulsed ? doppler
· Diagnostic levels widely accepted as safe
·
MRI
· Missile effect -ferromagnetic objects pulled
· Implanted ferro magnetic devices -clips
· pacemakers can be deactivated
· currents induced can cause muscle spasm/cutaneous sensations /arrhythmias/phosphenes
· Increased tissue temperature
· RF heating in bone screws /tattoos
· Hearing protection
· Pregnancy +- contra indicated
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